Optimal design of ventilation layout in welding chamber based on fluid-heat coupling analysis

High-precision part welding imposes stringent requirements on ambient temperature, making efficient temperature control within the welding chamber a critical prerequisite for ensuring weld quality. This study focuses on optimizing the ventilation layout design of a welding chamber in a high-precision welding production line, aiming to achieve rapid and stable temperature control within the target range of (310 ± 1) K, thereby ensuring high-precision welding quality under specific temperature conditions. Based on an established finite element model of the welding chamber, three-dimensional steady-state fluid-thermal coupling numerical simulations were conducted. The influence of varying the number and positions of air inlets on the temperature distribution inside the welding chamber was analyzed. Using orthogonal experiments, range analysis, and variance analysis, the position parameters of the air inlets were optimized with the objective of minimizing the time required for the temperature field to reach the target stable range. The optimal ventilation layout was determined: employing six air inlets, uniformly and symmetrically arranged along the top, bottom, left, and right directions of the welding chamber. This optimized solution significantly reduces the temperature stabilization time and effectively enhances the temperature control efficiency of the welding chamber, providing reliable support for the stable implementation of high-precision welding processes.