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December 8, 2025AgriEngineeringOpen Access

A Critical Review of Life Cycle Assessments of Cocoa: Environmental Impacts and Methodological Challenges for Sustainable Production

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Authors

RCRamón Fernando Colmenares-QuinteroSPSara Piedrahita-Rodríguez

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Overview

Critical review shows Life Cycle Assessment identifies environmental impacts in cocoa, suggesting better data sources are needed for sustainability.

Key Points

  • This review aims to assess the environmental impacts of cocoa production using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodologies.
  • Systematic literature review of 33 LCA studies published from 2008 to 2025
  • Analysis of dominant categories, impact indicators, and boundary conditions using PRISMA and cluster analysis
  • Examination of water and energy use during cocoa cultivation and processing
  • Cultivation shows high water consumption, particularly in conventional monocultures
  • Cocoa processing is the most energy-intensive phase due to machinery and transport demands
  • Most studies utilize cradle-to-gate boundaries and rely on secondary databases, highlighting limitations in specific data

Cite This Study

Colmenares-Quintero et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/693624ce4fa91c937236cdc2https://doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering7120419
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