Syria’s Position on the Middle East Conflict in the First Half of the 1990s

the article analyzes Syria’s strategic position in the Middle Eastern negotiation process during the first half of the 1990s, particularly within the context of Syrian-Israeli relations. The author examines shifts in regional politics following the collapse of the USSR, which deprived Syria of a key ally, and the transition to a unipolar world dominated by the United States. The focus is on Syria’s demand for a full Israeli withdrawal from the occupied Golan Heights in exchange for normalized relations («land for peace»), as well as the role of the U.S. as the primary mediator in negotiations. The principled stance of President Hafez al-Assad is emphasized, particularly his insistence on compliance with UN resolutions and synchronized progress in the peace process. The article explorers attempts to coordinate with moderate Arab states, disagreements with Israel over timelines for troop withdrawal, border demarcation, and security concerns. Despite active diplomatic efforts, including high-level meetings and U.S. pressure, no agreement was reached due to incompatible positions and domestic oppositions in Israel.