Therapy improves homeostasis in valproic acid-induced c57bl/6 mice with autism spectrum disorder, suggesting a dual-target approach is beneficial.
These results highlight that although individual treatments offer partial relief, only the combined strategy fully restores neuroimmune-microbiota homeostasis, demonstrating a complementary and synergistic therapeutic effect. This study establishes a novel dual-target approach leveraging systemic hUCMSCs and CNS-targeted EVs, providing a promising translational strategy for ASD through orchestrated regulation of the neuro-immune-microbiota axis.
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Wu et al. (2025) studied this question.
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