Correction Method for Amplitude and Phase Errors Based on the h Function in 1-D Mirrored Aperture Synthesis Aimed at Geostationary Atmospheric Observation

In passive microwave remote sensing, mirrored aperture synthesis (MAS) demonstrates significant potential for atmospheric observation from geostationary orbit. The amplitude and phase errors are among the key factors that degrade image reconstruction quality. The existing correction method requires additional mechanical structures to remove the reflector, thereby increasing system complexity. The method also requires that the external source used to extract error information be placed exactly at a specific location, which reduces the adaptability of the method and is difficult to achieve in practice. In this paper, an amplitude and phase error model based on the h function is established. Based on the error model, a new correction method for the amplitude and phase errors is proposed. The method uses the h function without errors as prior knowledge to extract error information. According to the extracted error information, the amplitude and phase errors are corrected. The proposed method does not require removing the reflector and is insensitive to the spatial offset of the h function. Simulation results show that the proposed method reduces the RMSE for an extended source from 162 K to 3.9 × 10−7 K . Experimental validation with a ceramic plate scene (extended source) further confirms its effectiveness, where the SSIM improves from –0.23 to 0.96 after correction, even under offset conditions. These results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.