What question did this study set out to answer?

This research aims to compare the efficacy of different neoadjuvant therapy strategies for rectal cancer.

Comparison of currently common neoadjuvant therapy strategies for rectal cancer: a three-arm retrospective study

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Three-arm retrospective study reveals that neoadjuvant immunotherapy and total therapy improve tumor regression in rectal cancer patients.

This research aims to compare the efficacy of different neoadjuvant therapy strategies for rectal cancer.
Conducted a three-arm retrospective study of 160 patients with adenocarcinoma, pMMR or non-MSI-H.
Divided patients into three groups: nCRT, TNT, and PD-1 therapy.
Analyzed clinical data, MRI accuracy for restaging, and gut microbiome differences in the PD-1 group.
No significant differences in baseline characteristics among groups.
pCR rates were 25.9% for nCRT, 40.5% for TNT, and 45.9% for PD-1 (p=0.048).
MRI accuracy for T stage restaging was suboptimal, especially in TNT and PD-1 groups.

Zhang et al. (2025) studied this question.

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Three-arm retrospective study reveals that neoadjuvant immunotherapy and total therapy improve tumor regression in rectal cancer patients.