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This study aims to compare the tumor response and clinical outcomes between total neoadjuvant therapy and long-course chemoradiotherapy.

July 16, 2026Medical SciencesOpen Access

Total Neoadjuvant Therapy Versus Long-Course Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: Real-World Tumor Response and Clinical Outcomes

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This study aims to compare the tumor response and clinical outcomes between total neoadjuvant therapy and long-course chemoradiotherapy.
Retrospective cohort study involving 110 patients with stage II–III locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma.
Patients received either total neoadjuvant therapy or long-course chemoradiotherapy with outcomes assessed using MRI and surgical results.
Clinical and pathological complete responses were evaluated, alongside overall survival.
Total neoadjuvant therapy group had higher baseline disease burden (40.6% cT4 vs. 19.2%; p = 0.014).
Clinical complete response rates were 15.6% for total neoadjuvant therapy versus 6.4% for long-course chemoradiotherapy (p = 0.151).
Pathological complete response rates were 18.5% for total neoadjuvant therapy versus 9.7% for long-course chemoradiotherapy (p = 0.301).

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Retrospective cohort study comparing outcomes in advanced rectal cancer, suggesting feasibility of total neoadjuvant therapy.

Lunca et al. (2026) studied this question.

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