Global Burden of Heart Failure Attributable to Hypertensive Heart Disease: A 30-Year Population-Based Analysis Using GBD 2021 Data

BACKGROUND Hypertensive heart disease is a major cause of heart failure (HF), this study evaluate the global burden and trends of HF attributable to hypertensive heart disease from 1990 to 2021. METHODS We collected detailed information on prevalence, years lived with disability of HF attributable to hypertensive heart disease from the Global Burden of Disease study 2021 across 204 countries and territories. Numbers, age-standardized rates and average annual percent change of HF attributable to hypertensive heart disease prevalence and years lived with disability were compared by age, sex, and socio-demographic index. RESULTS In 1990 and 2021, hypertensive heart disease related HF affected more than 4.6 million and 13 million individuals globally, demonstrating an age-standardized prevalence rate of 125.4 [95% uncertainty Interval (UI) 99.0 to 158.0] and 148.3 per 100,000 (95% UI 117.3 to 186.3) and an age-standardized years lived with disability rate of 11.2 (95% UI 7.2 to 15.7) and 13.2 (95% UI 8.4 to 19.1) per 100,000, respectively. Notably, from 1990 to 2021, the global age-standardized prevalence and years lived with disability rates increased consistently, with an average annual percent change of 0.53 (95% CI 0.52 to 0.54) and 0.54 (95% CI 0.53 to 0.55), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The global burden of HF attributable to hypertensive heart disease has risen.