Single-cell dissection of CD8+ T cell-driven immune dysregulation in type 1 diabetes mellitus: Mechanistic links to diabetic foot pathogenesis

Our findings establish CD8+ T cells as central orchestrators of T1DM pathogenesis through synergistic cytotoxic hyperactivity and regulatory collapse. The identified GALECTIN-CD44 axis and JAK-STAT/TGF-β imbalances may extend beyond pancreatic autoimmunity, providing mechanistic insights into systemic complications (e.g., impaired wound healing and chronic inflammation) observed in diabetic patients. These dysregulated networks offer novel therapeutic targets for restoring immune homeostasis in T1DM and its associated comorbidities.