Face‐to‐Face Interactions of Breathers and Solitons in a Non‐Maxwellian Plasma With the Critical Composition of Electron Beam

In the present investigation, the collisions of weakly nonlinear wave structures in an unmagnetized plasma comprising inertial ions, Vasyliunas–Cairns (VC) distributed electrons, and electron beams are analyzed based on experimental data. The study focuses on face‐to‐face collisions involving soliton–soliton, soliton–breather, and breather–breather interactions. To carry out this analysis, the extended Poincaré–Lighthill–Kuo (PLK) reductive perturbation method is employed, leading to the derivation of two coupled Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equations. At a critical value of the number density ratio, two coupled modified Korteweg–de Vries (mKdV) equations are used to study soliton–soliton, soliton–breather, and breather–breather interactions of the ion‐acoustic wave. The effects of various plasma parameters—namely, the superthermality of electrons (), the nonthermality of electrons (), and the electron beam‐to‐ion density ratio () at equilibrium—on the colliding soliton profiles are examined. The plasma parameter values used in the analysis are taken from the interplanetary space environment.