Breather waves in a beam plasma with regularized kappa-distributed electrons

The propagation properties of electron acoustic waves (EAWs) in a plasma medium containing stationary ions, regularized kappa-distributed electrons, and a streaming electron beam are investigated. Using the reductive perturbation technique (RPT), a nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) governing the wave dynamics is derived. The analytical solutions, including bright and dark solitons, Akhmediev, Peregrine, and Kuznetsov–Ma breathers, as well as first-, second-, and third-order rogue waves, are calculated. A distinctive result of the present study is the examination of the existence of both bright and dark solitons at lower values of κ κ . In addition it is found that the soliton widths decrease as κ κ increases. These findings provide a useful insight into nonlinear wave activity in magnetospheric environments.