Differential impact of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances exposure on hypertension risk by kidney function and metabolic status

PFAS exposure is associated with an increased risk of hypertension, particularly among those in the higher eGFR range and favorable metabolic profiles. These findings highlight the need to consider related disease phenotypes when assessing PFAS-associated cardiovascular toxicity and emphasize the importance of exposure mitigation in the healthy general population.