This article examines the persistent problem of environmental injustice and degradation in Iran from a peripheral and subaltern perspective. The systematic extraction of oil, gas, water, and various minerals from peripheral regions has reached a critical juncture. Despite the marginalization of non-Persian national communities, exploitation of their natural resources, and regional destruction, the environmental justice movement has fostered civic activism, empowering minorities such as Kurds and Arabs to articulate their grievances regarding state policies in their regions.
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Allan Hassaniyan (2025) studied this question.
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