The impact of high temperatures on spontaneous abortion: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Spontaneous abortion occurs in approximately one in five pregnancies and may be influenced by environmental factors, particularly heat exposure. This study reviewed and synthesized research on the relationship between high temperatures and spontaneous abortion. A systematic literature search identified eight studies from various regions. Data were extracted and analyzed using standardized methods, with quality assessed through Joanna Briggs Institute tools. Meta-analysis showed a pooled spontaneous abortion rate of 13.1%, with higher temperatures consistently linked to increased pregnancy loss. Seasonal variations, regional differences, and socioeconomic factors also influenced the findings. Vulnerable groups, including African Americans and those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, were disproportionately affected. These findings highlight the potential impact of climate change on early pregnancy outcomes, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to protect at-risk populations.