Examining Predictors of Preventive Behaviors for PM2.5 Exposure Among Upper Secondary Students in Bangkok: An Application of the Socio-Ecological Model

This study aimed to assess preventive behaviors for particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure and examined the factors influencing these behaviors among upper secondary school students in Bangkok. A descriptive research design was employed, involving 450 students selected through multi-stage random sampling. The researchers collected data using researcher-developed questionnaires during August-September 2024 and analyzed them using Chi-square, Pearson’s correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that students demonstrated moderate preventive behaviors toward PM2.5 (M = 27.34, S.D. = 9.08). Individual factors showed no significant relationship with preventive behaviors, while interpersonal, institutional, community, and public policy factors played key roles in shaping students’ preventive behaviors. Key influences included family support (r = 0.505), peer support (r = 0.578), teacher support (r = 0.459), perceived school environment (r = 0.214), and perceptions of school and community activities in addressing PM2.5 (r = 0.391 to r = 0.415). Multiple regression identified five significant predictors: peer support, family support, perceived Ministry of Education policies, school safety measures, and perceived school environment (β = 0.349 to 0.079, p < 0.05). This study underscores the importance of socio-environmental factors in shaping preventive behaviors, emphasizing the need for coordinated action among families, educators, and policymakers to reduce PM2.5 exposure among students.