Quality of Critical Systems: Synthesis of Software and Mine Action Implementation Practices

The research focuses on critical systems in software development and mine action, where quality assurance plays a key role in preventing catastrophic consequences. The main challenge was to define common principles and opportunities for productive exchange of quality assurance practices between these domains to enhance functionality, usability, efficiency, and maintainability of systems. The study is based on the analysis of international standards (ISO 900n, IMAS, ISO/IEC 250nn, etc.), ontological modeling in OntoUML and a comparative review of technical and organizational solutions. The obtained results include five key quality assurance principles: prevention, verification, traceability, independent control and staff training. It is established that minimizing errors in critical systems linked to the human factor requires the creation of simulation models and training environments. A distinctive feature of the approach is the integration of technical and humanitarian dimensions of quality into a unified management model based on international standards. An exchange of practices between the two domains has been proposed: dual control of operations in software development and adaptation of automated CI/CD approaches to field demining conditions. A conceptual QM model of critical systems was created using OntoUML notations, demonstrating the possibility of a formalized representation of knowledge from both software engineering and humanitarian demining. This allows for the integration of heterogeneous approaches into a unified quality management (QM) framework, maintaining transparency, traceability and extensibility. The practical value lies in the digitalization of mine action, the development of quality management systems and the improvement of specialist certification. The results are explained by interdisciplinary synergy, which enables the adaptation of proven software practices to the unique conditions of mine action. They provide the basis for advancing adaptive engineering of critical systems, oriented towards trust, transparency and continuous improvement. The results may also be applied in projects on digitalization, certification and staff training in critical systems.