What question did this study set out to answer?

This research aims to identify inflammatory biomarkers that can predict long-term outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).

January 10, 2026Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine1 citationsOpen Access

Inflammatory biomarkers as predictors of prognosis in patients after transcatheter aortic valve implantation

LVLuka VitezUniversity of Ljubljana PMPeter M. MihailovicLjubljana University Medical Centre MBMojca BožičLjubljana University Medical Centre

Key Result

Development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) post-TAVI increased risk of all-cause mortality or unplanned hospitalization (HR 3.07) at 5 years.

Key Points

This research aims to identify inflammatory biomarkers that can predict long-term outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).
Single-center, prospective cohort study design
Enrolled 62 consecutive patients undergoing TAVI
Collected blood samples before TAVI and at 24 hours and 3–6 months post-procedure
Analyzed changes in biomarker levels and predictors of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)
SIRS developed in 45% of patients after TAVI
Significant changes were noted in inflammatory biomarker levels such as hs-CRP and TNF-α
Higher SIRS risk was associated with increased all-cause mortality or unplanned hospitalization (HR 3.07)
Elevated baseline hs-CRP and IFN-γ levels predicted adverse outcomes

Structured PICO

Does the development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) or elevated baseline inflammatory biomarkers predict all-cause mortality or unplanned hospitalization in patients undergoing TAVI?

Population

62 consecutive patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) for severe aortic valve dysfunction, median age 80, 56.5% female, single-center (Slovenia). Key exclusions: unstable or recent cardiovascular event (<3 months), acute illness or recent non-cardiovascular disease requiring hospitalization, stage 5 chronic kidney disease, active malignancy, or autoimmune disease.

Intervention

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) with assessment of post-procedural systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and inflammatory biomarkers (hs-CRP, IFN-γ, TNF-α, sST2/IL-33, IL-10, IL-2) measured before TAVI, at 24 hours, and 3-6 months post-procedure.

Comparator

Patients who did not develop SIRS, or patients with lower baseline inflammatory biomarker levels.

Outcome

Composite of all-cause mortality or unplanned hospitalization at up to 5 years follow-up.composite

Main Result

Absolute Event Rate: 0% vs 0%

Abstract

Background The expanding role of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) highlights the need to identify factors influencing long-term outcomes. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a frequent post-procedural event that may adversely affect prognosis. Measurement of inflammatory biomarkers may improve the understanding of underlying mechanisms and refine patient risk stratification. Methods This single-center, prospective cohort study, enrolled 62 consecutive patients undergoing TAVI, who were followed for up to 5 years. Blood samples were collected before TAVI, at 24 h and 3–6 months post-procedure. Changes in biomarker levels, predictors of SIRS, and inflammatory predictors of long-term outcomes were analyzed. Results SIRS developed in 45% of patients. Significant temporal changes were observed in hs-CRP, TNF-α, sST2/IL-33, IL-10, and IL-2 levels, irrespective of baseline or procedural characteristics. The development of SIRS was associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality or unplanned hospitalization at 5 years (HR 3.07, 95% CI 1.57–6.00; p = 0.001). Baseline hs-CRP (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.09-1.35; p 0.001) and IFN-γ (HR 1.22; 95% CI 1.09–1.36; p 0.001) levels were predictive of adverse outcomes. In multivariable Cox analysis, these associations remained, though findings should be interpreted cautiously given the limited sample size. Conclusions SIRS is a common post-TAVI phenomenon and may be linked to long-term outcomes. Elevated pre-procedural hs-CRP and IFN- γ levels were associated with higher risk for adverse events, suggesting they may serve as exploratory biomarkers for risk stratification in this population.

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