What does this research mean for the field?

TyG-BMI is independently associated with hypertension risk in males, with an odds ratio of 3.53 and high predictive power (AUC 0.712). Novelty: ClaimNovelty.NOVEL_FINDING. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

This research aims to explore the association between surrogate indices of insulin resistance and hypertension in a specific cohort.

January 10, 2026Scientific Reports0 citationsOpen Access

Association of surrogate indices of insulin resistance with hypertension: a cross-sectional analysis from PERSIAN Dena cohort study (PDCS)

AHAmirhossein HosseiniYasuj University of Medical Sciences BEBehrooz EbrahimzadehKourShahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services MJMohammad-Reza JowshanIran University of Medical Sciences

Key Result

TyG-BMI was independently associated with hypertension risk in males (OR 3.53, P < 0.001) and showed high predictive power (AUC 0.712).

Key Points

This research aims to explore the association between surrogate indices of insulin resistance and hypertension in a specific cohort.
Cross-sectional analysis of data from the PERSIAN Dena cohort study
Evaluation of eight surrogate indices of insulin resistance
Adjusted binary logistic regression and ROC curve analyses
Population included adults aged 35-70 years, focusing on potential confounders.
171 participants (9.3%) had hypertension
Six surrogate indices significantly associated with hypertension in males: TyG-index (OR: 2.58), TyG-BMI (OR: 3.53), TyG-WC (OR: 2.76), VAI (OR: 1.8), LAP (OR: 2.7), and METS-IR (OR: 2.5)
TyG-BMI showed the strongest association and predictive power (AUC: 0.712)
In females, only TyG-BMI remained independent (OR: 2.0, AUC: 0.623)
TyG-BMI exhibited the highest effectiveness across all participants (AUC: 0.66)

Structured PICO

Do surrogate indices of insulin resistance predict hypertension in adults?

Population

1,840 adults (aged 35-70 years) participating in the PERSIAN Dena cohort study (PDCS) in Iran. Excluded: lactating or pregnant, following specific diets, cancer, liver diseases, stroke, severe kidney failure requiring specialized medications, and daily energy intake <800 Kcal or >4800 Kcal.

Intervention

Eight surrogate indices of insulin resistance: triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C), visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), triglyceride-glucose index (TyG), TyG-body mass index (TyG-BMI), TyG-waist circumference (TyG-WC), metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR), and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP).

Outcome

Hypertension (defined as SBP ≥ 140 mmHg and/or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg, or use of antihypertensive medications)surrogate

Surrogate indices of insulin resistance, particularly TyG-BMI, are significantly associated with hypertension and may serve as useful screening tools, especially in males.

Main Result

Absolute Event Rate: 0% vs 0%

Abstract

Early detection of hypertension remains challenging due to its asymptomatic nature and limited screening tools. While surrogate indices of insulin resistance (IR) have emerged as potential screening tools for various metabolic disorders, their predictive value for hypertension remains unclear, particularly in different demographic groups. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from 1,840 adults (aged 35-70 years) participating in the PERSIAN Dena cohort study (PDCS). Eight IR indices were evaluated: triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C), visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), triglyceride-glucose index (TyG), TyG-body mass index (TyG-BMI), TyG-waist circumference (TyG-WC), metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR), and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP). Associations were assessed using adjusted binary logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses, controlling for age, sex, and other potential confounders (P < 0.05). Among the study participants, 171 (9.3%) had hypertension. After adjusting for confounders, six surrogate indices were significantly associated with hypertension in males: TyG-index (odds ratio OR: 2.58, P < 0.001), TyG-BMI (OR: 3.53, P < 0.001), TyG-WC (OR: 2.76, P < 0.001), VAI (OR: 1.8, P = 0.008), LAP (OR: 2.7, P < 0.001), and METS-IR (OR: 2.5, P < 0.001). Notably, TyG-BMI demonstrated the strongest association and highest predictive power (AUC: 0.712). In females, only TyG-BMI remained an independent factor associated with hypertension (OR: 2.0, P = 0.029, AUC: 0.623). Overall, TyG-BMI exhibited the highest effectiveness across all participants (AUC: 0.66, Youden index: 0.26). This study demonstrates that surrogate IR indices, particularly TyG-BMI, may serve as valuable screening tools for hypertension risk, especially in males. The sex-specific differences in these associations suggest the need for tailored screening approaches. Further research is needed to validate their clinical applications and establish population-specific thresholds.

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