What question did this study set out to answer?

To create high-resolution, patient-specific 3D coronary artery models for testing cardiac catheterization devices.

January 10, 2026BioMedical Engineering OnLine0 citationsOpen Access

A comprehensive workflow for CCTA and OCT data fusion with 3D printing validation: advancing patient-specific testing environments for percutaneous coronary intervention devices

MIMarc IlicUniversity of Bern JHJonas HänerInterventional Cardiology JLJulian LehmannUniversity of Bern

Key Result

The novel workflow produced highly accurate patient-specific 3D coronary artery models with a median vertex deviation of 0.15 mm and a median absolute stenosis difference of 3% AS.

Key Points

To create high-resolution, patient-specific 3D coronary artery models for testing cardiac catheterization devices.
Identified and quantified coronary artery lesions using CCTA and OCT.
Fused imaging data to create accurate 3D models using a custom workflow.
Fabricated coronary artery phantoms through additive manufacturing and validated the workflow against original models.
Successfully collected CCTA and OCT datasets from 15 patients to develop 3D coronary artery models.
Validated 13 out of 15 3D printed phantoms against original models.
Median vertex deviation of 0.15 mm and median absolute stenosis difference of 3% AS were observed.

Structured PICO

Does a custom workflow fusing CCTA and OCT data produce highly accurate patient-specific 3D printed coronary artery phantoms?

Population

15 patients (26.6% female) with a clinical indication for coronary angiography and a prior CCTA examination showing significant stenosis. Excluded: acute coronary syndrome, congestive heart failure, or atrial fibrillation.

Intervention

Custom-made workflow fusing coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) data to create high-resolution patient-specific digital 3D coronary artery models and 3D printed functional phantoms.

Comparator

Derivative digital model generated from OCT of the 3D printed phantom compared to the original digital model.

Outcome

Geometric accuracy and validation of the 3D printed phantoms, measured by median vertex deviation and absolute stenosis difference between the derivative model and the original model.surrogate

Fusing CCTA and OCT data enables the creation of highly accurate, patient-specific 3D printed coronary artery phantoms with minimal geometric deviation, advancing preclinical testing environments for interventional devices.

Main Result

Absolute Event Rate: 0% vs 0%

Abstract

Abstract Objective To create high-resolution, patient-specific 3D coronary artery models aimed at developing digital models and functional phantoms for the testing of cardiac catheterization devices. Methods Using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT), coronary artery lesions were identified and quantified. Imaging data were fused using a custom-made workflow to create highly accurate digital 3D models. For validation of the workflow, coronary artery phantoms were fabricated using additive manufacturing. An OCT was then conducted on the 3D printed phantom, and the developed workflow was applied to generate a derivative model, which was subsequently compared to the original. Results CCTA and OCT datasets from 15 patients were successfully collected and used to develop patient-specific 3D coronary artery models, including detailed inner shells, calcifications, outer wall structures, and side branches. Of these, 13 out of 15 3D printed phantoms were successfully validated and compared to their corresponding original model. The median vertex deviation of the derivative model was 0. 15 (0. 14 - - 0. 17) mm. The median absolute stenosis difference between the derivative model and the original model was 3 (1–5) %AS. Conclusion We present a novel workflow to produce high-resolution patient-specific phantoms of coronary arteries.

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