History and Prevention of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Iraq: A Review

Foot-and-mouth disease Virus (FMDV) is an extremely transmittable viral illness that affects cloven-hoofed faunae, such as cattle, goats, sheep, and pigs. This study aimed to demonstrate the history and prevention of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in Iraq. This virus poses a significant threat to the economy, necessitating strict measures to control and prevent its spread, particularly due to its high morbidity and mortality rates, especially in young faunae. It is one of the most contagious diseases as it is transmitted directly or indirectly from a diseased fauna to a healthy one through contact with resources contaminated with the virus, such as saliva, feces, urine, and milk. As well extent by cars, birds, then humans, in addition to being spread by domestic and wild faunae that transport the causes for a lengthy period after their convalescence. It is also diffused via wind under proper climate situations. The FMD is endemic in Iraq, generally taking place since the late 19th then the primary 20th century. Avoidance of FMDV depends on immunization via the dominant serotype(s) otherwise the butchery in addition damage of affected faunae. Moreover, managing antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications to stoppage of subordinate infections demonstrates as vital.