Immune-modulating medications: the masquerading culprit of epididymo-orchitis

Key Points

• This report aims to highlight the potential side effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors, specifically their association with epididymo-orchitis.
• Descriptive case report of a male patient in his mid-50s with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
• Documented the timeline of pembrolizumab treatment and the subsequent diagnosis of bilateral epididymo-orchitis.
• Reviewed existing literature on immune checkpoint inhibitors and related cases of epididymo-orchitis.
• The patient developed bilateral epididymo-orchitis following maintenance treatment with pembrolizumab.
• This case adds to the previously identified instances linking immune checkpoint inhibitors to epididymo-orchitis.
• It highlights a rarely discussed side effect that clinicians should be aware of when prescribing these medications.