An Innovative Three-Dimensional Mathematical–Physical Model for Describing Load-Carrying Characteristic of Hydraulic Supports

Reliable posture and loading characteristics detection of hydraulic supports is one of the indispensable factors to realizing the intelligentization of fully mechanized coal mining faces. Due to the complexity and dynamic nature of mining process, achieving real-time and accurate detection of the hydraulic support posture and load presents an exceptionally challenging task. Therefore, an interactive algorithm for evaluating the load-carrying characteristic of hydraulic support by considering the three-dimensional space driving theory and dynamic theory was developed and experimentally verified based on a self-designed experimental platform. The paper aimed to establish a three-dimensional spatial dynamic and kinematics model for shield support, evaluating its loading performance in challenging working conditions. Initially, a three-dimensional kinematics model was developed to describe the bearing capacity of powered support in various postures based on the three-dimensional drive space theory. A dynamic model was suggested to investigate the effects of multiple factors on the position of hydraulic support drive units on their load-carrying capability in various demanding working situations. The results indicate that increasing the length of the drive units can significantly improve the bearing performance of shield support. The proposed mathematical technique offers a novel method for modifying the coupling of surrounding rock with hydraulic supports and supplying coal mining with real-time assistance.