Left Ventricular and Left Atrial Strain Characteristics in Patients with Familial Mediterranean Fever Receiving Long-Term Colchicine Therapy

Figures

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  Figure 1. Comparative analysis of left ventricular structural, systolic, and diastolic parameters between FMF patients treated with colchicine and healthy controls. IVS = interventricular septum; PW = posterior wall; LVEDD = left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; LVESD = left ventricular end-systolic dimension; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; LV-GLS = left ventricular global longitudinal strain; E/A = ratio of early to late diastolic mitral inflow velocity; E/E’ = ratio of early mitral inflow velocity to early diastolic mitral annular velocity; DT = deceleration time. * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001, ns = not significant.

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  Figure 2. Comparative analysis of left atrial strain, functional parameters, and compliance indices between FMF patients treated with colchicine and healthy controls. LA = left atrial; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.

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  Figure 3. Correlation analysis demonstrating the associations between FMF presence and left ventricular and left atrial strain-derived parameters. Bars represent correlation coefficients (r). Negative correlations are shown in red and positive correlations in blue. FMF presence was associated with more negative LVGLS values and altered left atrial mechanics, including reservoir, conduit, and contractile function indices. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.

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  Figure 4. Multivariate linear regression analyses identifying independent predictors of cardiac strain parameters. (A) Unstandardized regression coefficients (β) with 95% confidence intervals for FMF status and other covariates. (B) Standardized β coefficients demonstrating the relative contribution of each predictor to the respective strain parameters. FMF status remained independently associated with LVGLS and multiple left atrial strain-derived indices after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, metabolic parameters, and medication use. Arrows indicate the direction of the regression relationship, pointing from the predictor to the outcome variable. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.