An evaluation of the efficacy and acceptability of the National Clinical Programme for ADHD in adults in Ireland

Background: This study evaluated the efficacy and acceptability of Ireland’s National Clinical Programme for ADHD in Adults (NCPAA), providing public assessment and supports for adults with ADHD. Methods: Overall, 249 adults (51% women, 42% men, 4% non-binary, 1% other gender) were recruited from three NCPAA services using consecutive sampling. Participants completed the Adult Self-Report Scale (ASRS) and the Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale (WFIRS-S) at baseline, 6, and 12 months; service satisfaction was measured with the Service Satisfaction Scale (SSS). Reflexive thematic analysis explored responses to two open-ended questions. Results: Service users presented with high baseline symptomatology and life challenges. Significant improvements were observed in ASRS and WFIRS-S (except education) in the first six months. Improvements were retained at 12 months in ASRS and WFIRS-S domains of work, life skills, self-concept and social. but not family, risk or education. Service satisfaction was high, particularly among those diagnosed with ADHD. Thematic analysis identified three positive themes: feeling affirmed, benefits of supports, and person-centred care; and three improvement areas: access barriers, resource gaps, and need for ongoing support. Conclusions: Engagement with NCPAA services is associated with improvements in ADHD symptoms and life challenges and is acceptable to adults with ADHD in the short term. Service limitations, particularly staffing constraints, warrant attention. Recommendations include strengthening resources, improving communication and appointment systems, and enhancing links to external supports. Given the absence of a control group, findings should be considered preliminary.