ABSTRACT Energy consumption is the most significant factor in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) because it is completely impractical to recharge the sensor nodes' energy when they are deployed for monitoring in hostile environments. This energy utilization factor is highly indispensable as it has a direct influence on energy stability and network lifetime. The main intent of this research is to concentrate on energy‐efficient CHs selection and sink node mobility, which helps in establishing single‐hop communication amid chosen CHs and sink based on merits of meta‐heuristic algorithms that are more ideal for determining optimal solutions to NP‐hard problems. In this paper, Hybrid Puma and Arctic Puffin Multiobjective energy‐efficient optimization clustering and sink node mobility routing (HPAPCSMP) Protocol is propounded for achieving better energy stability and network lifespan. This HPAPCSMP mechanism specifically used the Puma Optimization Algorithm (PUOA) for efficient selection of CHs using the fitness function depending on factors of network coverage, node degree, intracluster and intercluster distance and residual energy (RE). It used the Arctic Puffin Optimization Algorithm (APOA) to support sink node mobility that guarantees single‐hop communication between chosen CHs and sink such that significant energy is sustained to obtain improved network lifetime. This APOA‐based mobile sink path planning algorithm is a significant signal collection method for alleviating the limitations of the mobile sink path optimization process with the objective of shortening the trajectory of movement. The results of the HPAPCSMP mechanism confirmed maximized throughput of 21.38%, reduced energy consumptions of 25.42%, and extended network lifetime of 21.94% better than standard clustering approaches taken for comparison.
Gracelin Sheena et al. (Fri,) studied this question.