July 19, 2005Circulation
Role of Smoking in Global and Regional Cardiovascular Mortality
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Key result
In 2000, smoking was responsible for an estimated 1.62 million cardiovascular deaths globally, constituting 11% of total cardiovascular mortality.
Why the study?
Does smoking increase global and regional cardiovascular mortality in adults?
Population
Adults ≥30 years of age globally, utilizing data from the CPS-II cohort and the WHO Global Burden of Disease…
Comparison
Smoking vs Never smoking
Design
Other
Follow-up
6 years
Authors
Discussion
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Implication
Highlights smoking as a key preventable CV risk; leaves open need for updated global and regional estimates.
Key Points
- Estimate global and regional smoking-attributable mortality from ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and other cardiovascular conditions across 14 epidemiological subregions.
- Analyzed data from the American Cancer Society's Cancer Prevention Study II (CPS-II) and the WHO Global Burden of Disease database stratified by age, sex, and 14 epidemiological subregions.
- Used lung cancer mortality as an indirect marker of accumulated smoking hazard, adjusting CPS-II relative risks for confounding covariates.
- Smoking caused an estimated 1.62 million (95% CI, 1.27 to 2.04 million) cardiovascular deaths in 2000, accounting for 11% of all global cardiovascular deaths (1.17 million men and 450 000 women).
- Smoking-attributable cardiovascular deaths totaled 960 000 (95% CI, 770 000 to 1 200 000) in industrialized nations versus 670 000 (95% CI, 440 000 to 920 000) in developing regions.
- Ischemic heart disease accounted for 54% of all smoking-attributable cardiovascular deaths worldwide, while cerebrovascular disease accounted for 25%.
Structured PICO
Does smoking increase global and regional cardiovascular mortality in adults?
P
Population
Adults ≥30 years of age globally, utilizing data from the CPS-II cohort (1.2 million Americans) and the WHO Global Burden of Disease database
I
Intervention
Smoking
C
Comparator
Never smoking
O
Outcome
Smoking-attributable cardiovascular mortality (ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and other cardiovascular diseases)hard clinical
More than 1 in 10 cardiovascular deaths globally in the year 2000 were attributable to smoking, highlighting it as a massive and preventable cause of cardiovascular mortality.
Limitations
- Uncertainty in the parameters used to calculate the smoking impact ratio (SIR), including lung cancer mortality reporting
- Statistical uncertainty in the estimated CPS-II relative risks
- Uncertainty regarding the impacts of risk factors other than coal on never-smoker lung cancer mortality
Cite This Study
Ezzati et al. (2005) studied this question. In 2000, smoking was responsible for an estimated 1.62 million cardiovascular deaths globally, constituting 11% of total cardiovascular mortality.
Topics
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