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This work aims to analyze the potential of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) to minimize carbon emissions and address energy challenges.

January 22, 2026EnergiesOpen Access

Small Modular Reactors for a Low-Carbon Future: An In-Depth Analysis of Technology, Impact and Market Potential

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Analysis reveals SMRs' cost competitiveness in electricity, hydrogen, and desalination, suggesting high viability for integrated energy systems.

This work aims to analyze the potential of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) to minimize carbon emissions and address energy challenges.
Conducted a comprehensive analysis of SMRs' technical and economic characteristics
Examined competitiveness in electricity, hydrogen, and water desalination production
Utilized parametric optimization with algorithms to quantify cost metrics like LCOE, LCOH, and LCOW
Assessed performance across varying capacity ranges and capital costs
Identified capital cost minimization as crucial for cost-competitiveness
Demonstrated competitive LCOE values between 40–100 US$/MWh in electricity markets
Found hydrogen production costs ranging from 3.33 to 11.68 US$/kg
Noted desalination costs between 0.40 to 0.98 US$/m3
Established SMRs as viable for integrated energy–water–hydrogen systems

Himona et al. (2026) studied this question.

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Analysis reveals SMRs' cost competitiveness in electricity, hydrogen, and desalination, suggesting high viability for integrated energy systems.