What question did this study set out to answer?

The central aim is to explore how engineering the interfacial microenvironment can enhance nitrate reduction processes.

Interfacial Microenvironment Engineering for Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction toward a Sustainable Nitrogen Cycle

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This review highlights advances in nitrate reduction, improving efficiency in wastewater treatment, suggesting future sustainable solutions.

The central aim is to explore how engineering the interfacial microenvironment can enhance nitrate reduction processes.
Review of recent advances in interfacial microenvironment engineering strategies.
Discussion of local pH regulation and electric double-layer optimization.
Analysis of interfacial water network reconstruction and reactant enrichment techniques.
Examination of membrane electrode assemblies and membrane-free systems.
Enhanced control over reaction pathways and improved selectivity in nitrate reduction processes.
Boosted energy efficiency demonstrated in reactor designs through microenvironment control.
Future directions highlight the need for mechanistic understanding and intelligent catalyst development.

Li et al. (2026) studied this question.

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This review highlights advances in nitrate reduction, improving efficiency in wastewater treatment, suggesting future sustainable solutions.