What question did this study set out to answer?

This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of zipalertinib in treating NSCLC patients with uncommon EGFR mutations and exon 20 insertions.

January 24, 2026Open Access

Zipalertinib—A Novel Treatment Opportunity for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers with Exon 20 Insertions and Uncommon EGFR Mutations

Key Points

This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of zipalertinib in treating NSCLC patients with uncommon EGFR mutations and exon 20 insertions.
Evaluation of zipalertinib in clinical trials REZILIENT 1-4.
Assessment of its activity against classical and uncommon EGFR mutations.
Combination therapy with platinum-based chemotherapy followed by monotherapy.
Adjuvant setting studies in stage IB-IIIA NSCLC.
Zipalertinib shows significant clinical activity in NSCLC patients with uncommon mutations and exon 20 insertions.
Current trials are exploring its effectiveness in brain metastases and as a first-line therapy.
Ongoing trials are expected to clarify the integration of zipalertinib into treatment regimens.

Abstract

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents over 80% of all lung cancer cases and still has a huge mortality worldwide. Targeting epidermal growth-factor receptor (EGFR) alterations with overall response rates of more than 80% has provided a paradigm shift in the treatment of NSCLC; however, NSCLC patients harbouring uncommon mutations and exon 20 insertions still have a dismal prognosis underscoring the urgent need to develop novel EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) with proven activity against these EGFR alterations. Zipalertinib is a newly developed oral, irreversible compound which is characterized by its unique pyrrolopyrimidine structure which discriminates this novel TKI from others. It is active against the classical mutations (i.e., del19, L858R) and some of the uncommon mutations (e.g., T790M, G719X, S768I, L861Q, but not C797S) and is predominantly active in NSCLC cells harbouring exon20ins. Zipalertinib is currently being extensively evaluated in several clinical NSCLC trials (REZILIENT 1–4) and has shown significant clinical activity in NSCLC patients with uncommon mutations, exon20ins, and in brain metastases (REZILIENT 3 trial). Moreover, zipalertinib in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy followed by zipalertinib monotherapy as first-line therapy is currently being evaluated in the pivotal, ongoing REZILIENT 3 randomized trial. In addition, the efficacy of zipalertinib is also studied in the adjuvant setting (REZILIENT 4 trial, stage IB-IIIA NSCLCs with exon20ins and uncommon mutations). The role and the integration of therapies targeting exon20ins or uncommon mutations into the first- and second-line treatment armamentarium for NSCLC patients is not yet fully established, and the therapeutic impact of monotherapies (e.g., sunvozertinib, firmonertinib) versus combinations with standard platinum-based chemotherapy (e.g., zipalertinib, amivantamab) currently still lacks robust evidence to further change the therapeutic landscape for these patients. Therefore, results from the ongoing trials are eagerly awaited and are expected to shed some light on these open questions.

Zipalertinib—A Novel Treatment Opportunity for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers with Exon 20 Insertions and Uncommon EGFR Mutations

Key Points

Abstract

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