Abstract A newly proposed low-noise and high temporal resolution X-ray imaging detector based on the curved solenoid design is described in this paper. Three-dimensional models are developed in CST Particle Studio (CST-PS) to systematically investigate the temporal and spatial magnifications. The effects of the ramp rate of the modulation signal between the photocathode and the acceleration mesh, the different electron emission positions of the photocathode, the magnetic field strength, and the distance between the microchannel plate (MCP) and the curved solenoid outlet on the overall performance of the whole structure are studied, which shows that the electron emission position has a dominant effect over the temporal transit and temporal dispersion. Additionally, the temporal magnification factor increases with the ramp rate of the modulated signal. Within the effective photocathode of Φ 16 mm, the temporal magnification factor exceeds 13. Furthermore, the spatial magnification is linearly proportional to the distance between the MCP and the solenoid outlet, suggesting that MCPs of varying sizes can be effectively coupled.
Tian et al. (2026) studied this question.