Relationship between maternal hypothyroidism and gestational diabetes mellitus and its impact on maternal and fetal outcomes

Objectives: Diabetes mellitus and hypothyroidism are among the most common endocrinopathies during pregnancy. They are associated with both maternal and fetal complications. The objective of the study is to assess the maternal and fetal outcomes in patients with dual endocrinopathy versus gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) alone. Material and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at GGH, Kakinada, in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology from June 2023 to May 2024. A total of 50 cases and 50 controls were analysed for complications such as preeclampsia, need for cesarean section, malpresentation, preterm birth, PROM, abruption of placenta, Doppler changes, respiratory distress, and macrosomia in neonates. Results: Age above 30 years is a key factor in the development of dual endocrinopathy. Women with dual endocrinopathy had an increased risk of preeclampsia, cesarean section, and higher rate of macrosomia in women with dual endocrinopathy. Conclusion: Dual endocrinopathy is associated with increased maternal and fetal complications. It is important to screen women who have been diagnosed with one of these for the other. These patients should be considered high-risk pregnancies and are to be followed up to prevent adverse effects.