Key result
First pneumonia episode in HF is linked to ~4-fold higher mortality.
Pneumonia occurs at approximately 3 times the expected rate in heart failure patients and is associated with a 4-fold increase in mortality.
May warrant heightened pneumonia vigilance in HF; leaves open whether prevention reduces mortality.
The incidence of pneumonia was high in patients with HF, especially HFpEF, at around 3 times the expected rate. A first episode of pneumonia was associated with 4-fold higher mortality. (Prospective Comparison of Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibitor With Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor to Determine Impact on Global Mortality and Morbidity in Heart Failure [PARADIGM-HF], NCT01035255; Prospective Comparison of ARNI [Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibitor] With ARB [Angiotensin Receptor Blocker] Global Outcomes in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction [PARAGON-HF], NCT01920711).
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Shen et al. (2021) studied this question. Pneumonia incidence was 3 times higher in heart failure patients, and a first episode led to 4-fold increased mortality.
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