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Establishment of Thyroid Volume Reference Curves for Children in Xinjiang: An Exploration of Goiter Diagnosis and the Role of Iodine Nutrition

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Establishes regional thyroid volume reference curves for children, highlighting iodine's complex role in goiter diagnosis.

The aim is to establish region-specific thyroid volume reference curves for children in Xinjiang to improve goiter diagnosis.
Analyzed thyroid volume in 404 children aged 7-13 in Xinjiang
Utilized GAMLSS models to create sex-specific reference curves
Assessed goiter prevalence using national thyroid volume criteria
Goiter prevalence was 1.5% in the new reference curves compared to 9.5% in males and 11.7% in females using national standards
Significant nonlinear associations were found between individual iodine indicators and thyroid volume
A composite iodine index showed a protective linear negative correlation with thyroid volume (P = 0.012)

Zhou et al. (2026) studied this question.

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