Experimental validation reveals efficient C(sp3)–azole bond formation using uranyl nitrate, implying industrial applicability.
Under mild conditions, uranyl nitrate catalyzed C(sp³)-center/azole coupling without external additives, offering a broad substrate scope and high yields (up to 95%). The method was further validated under sunlight and in scale-up experiments, highlighting its industrial potential. Experimental and theoretical studies show that uranyl nitrate acts via both hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) and non-HAT concerted proton-electron transfer mechanisms. This approach provides a green, efficient protocol for C(sp³)-azole bond formation.
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Luo et al. (2026) studied this question.
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