LHO‐HLiB: Hybrid Lithium Battery Management System for Effective Charge–Discharge Management in Electric Vehicles

Electric and hybrid vehicles are based on lithium solutions, which provide satisfactory characteristics in energy storage, nevertheless, the battery vehicles have low energy density compared to the conventional vehicles. Hence, the Levy hunt optimization‐based hybrid Lithium battery management system (LHO‐HLiB) is introduced to improve the lifetime and efficiency of the energy storage system. In the proposed method, the lithium titanate oxide (LTO) battery and Li‐ion battery are hybridized to offer flexibility and power capability. Battery cell state of charge (SoC) is attained by integrating time‐based battery cell currents, which are used for fast charging and discharging purposes. High energy density batteries of hybrid lithium batteries (HLiB's) and supercapacitors (SCs) are combined to develop hybrid energy storage systems and improve the overall system performance, managing peak power demand and extending battery life more effectively. Levy hunt optimization is employed in the energy management storage system (EMSS), which optimizes the integral and proportional gain to enhance the battery life and system performance. Eventually, the LHO‐HLiB method achieves battery SoC values during the charging, discharging and idle stages of 95.77%, 98.18% and 90.09% respectively.