Hybrid Energy Management for Electric Vehicles: Enhancing Battery Lifespan and Efficiency With Marine Predator Algorithm and Dynamic Floating Mechanism

Hybrid energy storage systems (HES) based on the combination of lithium‐ion battery (LII‐BAT) and supercapacitor (SUP‐CAP) are considered for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) with extended life cycle (LO‐LT), decreased battery stress, and enhanced energy efficiency. Nevertheless, current studies are mainly based on traditional optimizers and do not consider the potential of hybrid approaches that can capture the complex dynamics of HESS. In addition, current methods rely on simulations that have not been experimentally validated and thus do not have real‐world applicability. A common limitation of benchmarking techniques is that they are often limited to single‐source or simple control‐based techniques and do not benchmark to the state of the art. This paper fills in these gaps by introducing a new intelligent energy management system (IEMS) optimized using hybrid Marine Predator Algorithm (MPA) and Dynamic Floating Mechanism (DFM). The proposed MPA‐DFM is a combination of adaptive refinement and global exploration to extend the system life and reduce battery power (BAT‐POW) stress. System evaluation with an LII‐BAT/SUP‐CAP HESS prototype shows an increase of 21% of the LO‐LT value compared to the previously used methods, which demonstrates a highly sustainable and efficient approach of next‐generation HEVs.