The most characteristic plant communities of the dwarf birches and were identified and described. The current range of and in the Urals, Cis-Urals, and Trans-Urals was modeled using MaxEnt software, taking into account climatic and edaphic factors. Limiting factors ecological optima are shown for and in the Urals. The wider ecological range of compared to allows this species successful adaption to a wide range of altitudinal and latitudinal conditions, including mires of different trophic status. The dependence of on the warm and cold quarters temperatures and the availability of groundwater determines its limited occurrence in the Ural Mountains.
S. O. Medvedeva (Wed,) studied this question.