Evolutionary Analysis of Multi-Agent Interactions in the Digital Green Transformation of the Building Materials Industry

Driven by the “dual carbon” goal and the strategy for cultivating new productive forces, China’s economy is undergoing a crucial transformation from high-speed growth to high-quality development. As a typical high-energy consumption and high-emission sector, the green and low-carbon transformation of the building materials industry directly affects the optimization of the national energy structure and the realization of ecological goals. However, traditional building material enterprises generally face practical challenges such as low resource utilization efficiency, insufficient digitalization and greening integration of the industrial chain, and weak green innovation momentum. The transformation actions of a single entity are difficult to break through systemic bottlenecks, and it is urgently necessary to establish a dynamic evolution mechanism involving multiple entities in collaboration. This paper aims to explore the evolutionary rules and stability of digital green (DG) transformation strategies of building materials enterprises (BMEs) under multi-agent interactions involving government, universities, and consumers. Centering on BMEs, a four-party evolutionary game model among the government, enterprises, universities, and consumers is constructed, and the evolutionary processes of strategic behaviors are characterized through replicator dynamic equations. Using MATLAB R2022 (Version number: 9.13.0.2049777) bnumerical simulations, this study investigates how key parameters, such as government subsidies, penalty intensity, and consumers’ green preferences, affect the transformation pathways of enterprises. The results reveal that the DG transformation behavior of BMEs is significantly influenced by governmental policy incentives and universities’ knowledge innovation. Stronger subsidies and penalties enhance enterprises’ willingness to adopt proactive DG strategies, while consumers’ green preferences further accelerate transformation through market mechanisms. Among multiple strategic combinations, active DG transformation emerges as the main evolutionarily stable strategy. This study provides a systematic multi-agent collaborative analysis framework for the transformation of BME DG, revealing the mechanisms by which policies, knowledge, and market demands influence enterprise decisions. Thus, it offers theoretical and decision-making references for the green and low-carbon transformation of the building materials industry.