This derivation finds gravitational constant G using nucleon parameters, indicating its response-limited nature.
Newton’s gravitational constant G is shown to admit a derivation as a scaling identity between macroscopic field response and microscopic nucleonic parameters. By expressing gravitational red- shift as a linear accumulation of per-nucleon frequency suppression, we establish a dimensionless coupling τn ≈ 1.48 × 10−39 fixed by clock-comparison measurements. This formulation allows for the reconstruction of G as an output of nucleon-scale mass and radius, yielding a value of G = 6.674 × 10−11 m3 kg−1 s−2. This result tracks the CODATA 2022 recommendation to within 0.02%, suggesting that G can be interpreted as a response-limited normalization parameter rather than a purely empirical fundamental constant.
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Javier Tessari (2026) studied this question.
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