Interleukin 1B gene polymorphism is associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease

Background Genetic variations within the interleukin-1B (IL-1B) gene are of profound significance in the etiopathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). Nevertheless, the association between IL-1B gene variations and the poor clinical prognoses of CAD patients remains largely undetermined. In this context, the present study was aimed to elucidate the association between IL-1B gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and long-term major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) based on a large-scale (n=10724), observational, single-center, prospective cohort of patients with CAD who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods Of 10724, 4304 patients available DNA samples and successfully completed DNA genotyping entered the final analysis. All 4304 subjects were genotyped for IL-1B rs16944 (A/G), rs1143623 (C/G) and rs4848306 (A/G). The primary endpoint was MACCE, which consists of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, revascularization, and stroke. Multivariate Cox regression models were employed to analyze the association of the selected SNPs with the risk of MACCE. The hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated under various genetic models, including dominant, recessive, homozygous, heterozygous, and allelic models. Results After a median follow-up of 5 years, 934 (21.7%) MACCE occurred. All SNPs conformed to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in patients with and without MACCE (P>0.05) (Table 1 & Table 2). Multivariate Cox regression revealed that rs16944 (A/G) was an independent predictor of long-term MACCE in recessive model, with GG genotype decreasing the risk of MACCE compared with AG and AA genotype (HR: 0.854; 95% CI: 0.735-0.992, P=0.038) (Table 3). No significant associations were found for other two SNPs. Conclusion This study revealed that rs16944 GG homozygote genotype of IL-1B gene was significantly associated with the risk of long-term MACCE in patients with CAD, indicating that the detection of IL-1B gene polymorphisms could contribute to the early identification of CAD patients at high risk. This finding may provide crucial value for future personalized prevention and genetic treatment strategies in clinical practice.Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium Multivariate Cox regression