The mechanical properties of polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and its foams were successfully modified by adjusting the blending ratio of ethylene–butylacrylate–glycidyl methacrylate (PTW) and methyl methacrylate–butadiene–styrene (MBS), which were added as reactive and core–shell tougheners, respectively. The influence of the toughener blending composition on the matrix properties was thoroughly examined using rheological analysis, scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The optimal blend ratio significantly reduced tensile strength loss while substantially enhancing the matrix's toughness. The average impact strength of pure PBT was 5.68 ± 0.32 kJ/m 2 , whereas the M25/P75 blends achieved an average of 14.69 ± 0.57 kJ/m 2 , representing an approximate 155% increase over pure PBT. To investigate the foaming behaviour, low-density (50 kg/m 3 ) PBT–MBS–PTW foams were prepared via supercritical CO 2 foaming. Compared to unmodified PBT foams, the modified PBT foams exhibited approximately 1.5 times higher compressive strength and over twice the energy absorption capacity, thereby enhancing its static cushioning performance. PTW enhances the interfacial compatibility with the PBT matrix and increases the melt strength, which is crucial for producing low-density foams with a uniform cell structure and high regularity. Meanwhile, MBS evenly disperses to absorb compressive stress. Thus, the synergy between MBS and PTW mitigates strength loss, enhances PBT matrix toughness and minimises cell wall shrinkage and rupture.
Liu et al. (Wed,) studied this question.
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