Interaction between white coat effect and hypertension on arterial stiffness.

Figures

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  FIGURE 1. Distribution of API and AVI by gender, hypertension and white coat effect. (a) Box-and-whisker plot showing API in control, white coat hypertension (WCH) group, hypertension and white coat uncontrolled hypertension (WUCH) group. (b) Box-and-Whisker plot showing AVI control, WCH group, hypertension and WUCH ‘group. (c) Correlation between API and PP in control and white coat effect (WCH/WUCH) group. (d) Correlation between AVI and PP in control and white coat effect (WCH/WUCH) group. Minimal values (lowest horizontal line or dot) and maximum values (highest horizontal line or dot) are presented, as well as the median (horizontal line within the box).

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  FIGURE 2. Correlation between API and clinical indicators in control and white coat hypertension group. Paired correlation chord diagrams between API and clinical indicators in total (a), control (b), and WCH/WUCH group (c). The colored arcs outside the circle represent clinical variables. The significant correlation between each pair of clinical variables is represented by a sector. The bandwidth corresponds to the correlation of related pairs.

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  FIGURE 3. Correlation between API and PP based on restricted cubic spline functions. (a) Correlation between API and PP in total participants. The PP corresponding to the highest API value was 39 mmHg and 57 mmHg. (b) Correlation between API and PP in control group. The PP corresponding to the highest API value was 47 mmHg. (c) Correlation between API and PP in white coat effect group. The PP corresponding to the highest API value was 41mmHg and 65 mmHg.

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  FIGURE 4. Inter- and intra-observer agreement for API. (a) shows a Bland-Altman plot for API in the intra-observer repeatability analysis. The solid line represents the mean of the difference in the measured API values; the dashed lines define the limits of agreement. The mean difference was 0.12 ± 6.72. The 95% upper and lower limits of agreement were 6.84 and −6.60, respectively. SD, standard deviation. (b) shows a scattered plot graph with a high correlation coefficient (r = 0.777, P < 0.001). (c) shows a Bland-Altman plot for API in the inter-observer repeatability analysis. The solid line represents the mean of the difference in the measured API values; the dashed lines define the limits of agreement. The mean difference was −1.03 ± 6.96. The 95% upper and lower limits of agreement were 5.93 and −7.99, respectively. SD, standard deviation. (d) shows a scattered plot graph with a high correlation coefficient (r = 0. 758, P < 0.001).