Changing Pattern of Cholesteatoma and Granulation Tissue in CSOM with Its Relation to Complications

Introduction: CSOM is a very common disease in lower socioeconomic people of our country. Two varieties ofCSOM are mucosal type and Squamosal type. The squamosal type is associated with either cholesteatoma orgranulation tissue.Aims: Among patients undergoing mastoid exploration, histopathological examination confirmed cholesteatomain a higher proportion of ears compared to granulation tissue, and cholesteatoma cases were associated withmore complications—such as ossicular erosion, labyrinthine fistula, and facial nerve involvement—than thosewith granulations in CSOM.Materials & Methods: This is an observational cross-sectional study conducted over 12 months in theDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery at IPGMER-SSKM, Kolkata. A total of 150symptomatic CSOM patients were enrolled as the study sample.Result: In our study the 150 patients, 40 (47.1%) in the cholesteatoma group and 10 (15.4%) in the granulationgroup experienced complications, while 45 (52.9%) and 55 (84.6%), respectively, had no complications.Overall, complications occurred in 50 patients (33.3%) and were significantly more frequent in thecholesteatoma group compared to the granulation group (p < 0.001).Conclusion: We concluded that in this study of 150 CSOM patients, histological investigation revealed a higherprevalence of cholesteatoma compared to granulation tissue. Patients with cholesteatoma were considerablyolder, suggesting a link with advancing age, though gender distribution did not differ significantly