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The research aims to assess how parity affects early embryonic development and placentation in Holstein cattle.

February 9, 2026Journal of Dairy ScienceOpen Access

Trophoblast differentiation and embryonic development are delayed in lactating cows compared to nulliparous heifers

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Evaluates the impact of parity on embryonic development in cows, suggesting parity delays trophoblast differentiation during lactation.

The research aims to assess how parity affects early embryonic development and placentation in Holstein cattle.
Classified pregnant cows by parity (nulliparous, primiparous, multiparous) after artificial insemination.
Monitored mRNA abundance of ISG15 and MX2 from cervical epithelial cells between days 14 to 20.
Measured circulating pregnancy-associated glycoprotein concentrations from days 0 to 30 via blood samples.
Analyzed data using mixed-effects models, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation.
MX2 mRNA peaked on day 17 and decreased thereafter, showing an effect of time.
ISG15 mRNA was significantly higher in primiparous and multiparous compared to nulliparous on day 17.
PAG concentrations increased earlier in nulliparous heifers compared to lactating cows, with significant differences from day 18.9 to 22.
Progesterone levels were consistently higher in nulliparous heifers, correlating with earlier PAG increases.

da-Silva-Junior et al. (2026) studied this question.

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