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This research aims to optimize cold start conditions for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells using coolant assistance.

February 9, 2026HydrogenOpen Access

Cold Start Optimization Study of PEMFC Low Temperature Coolant-Assisted Heating Based on CAB-Net and LO-WOA

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Cold start optimization reduces ice volume in PEMFCs, suggesting improved efficiency in low temperatures.

This research aims to optimize cold start conditions for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells using coolant assistance.
Developed a 3D multiphase non-isothermal PEMFC cold start model
Identified key parameters including coolant flow rate and catalyst layer porosity as optimization variables
Employed CAB-Net for predicting ice volume fraction during cold start
Integrated CAB-Net with LO-WOA for parameter optimization
Maximum ice volume fraction decreased from 0.4519 to 0.1471, a reduction of 67.45%
Energy consumption for cold start lowered from 0.77264 J to 0.70299 J, achieving a 9.01% decrease

Yu et al. (2026) studied this question.

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