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February 9, 2026SociologijaOpen Access

Understanding democracy in Europe: Liberal, populist, and social-democratic dimensions

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Authors

ATAleksandar Tomašević

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Overview

Analysis identifies democratic attitudes across social groups, revealing implications for legitimacy and stability.

Key Points

  • The study aims to explore how citizens in Europe understand democracy and how these views differ across social groups and countries.
  • Analyzed data from Round 10 of the European Social Survey involving 31 countries.
  • Developed a three-dimensional model of democratic attitudes: Liberal, Populist, and Social-democratic.
  • Utilized latent variable analysis to validate the model and assess measurement invariance.
  • Identified distinct dimensions of democratic understanding that are partially invariant across countries.
  • Found positive correlations among dimensions, indicating citizens desire more democracy.
  • Social class was a significant predictor of democratic attitudes, with workers supporting Populist and Social-democratic dimensions more than service professionals.

Cite This Study

Aleksandar Tomašević (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69897a25f0ec2af6756e87e1https://doi.org/10.2298/soc2502171t
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