Hemodynamics and Mid-Term Clinical Outcomes Following Valve-in-Valve TAVR With Balloon-Expandable Valves

Figures

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  Figure 1.. 1- and 5-year mortality according to mean discharge gradient postaortic valve-in-valve (AViV). Mean gradient (MG) <10 mm Hg was associated with increased mortality compared with higher gradients. A and B, Show adjusted spline curves for discharge MG relative to mortality at 1 year. B, Shows adjusted spline curves for discharge MG relative to mortality at 5 years. MG <10 mm Hg was associated with increased mortality compared with higher gradients.

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  Figure 2.. 5-year all-cause mortality and mortality or stroke by discharge mean gradient (MG). A, Compares Kaplan-Meier survival probabilities for patients with discharge MGs <10 mm Hg and ≥10 mm Hg at discharge from transcatheter aortic valve-in-valve replacement. B, Compares estimates for mortality or stroke between the 2 cohorts. Estimates of mortality and mortality or stroke were significantly higher for the lower MG cohorts. HR indicates hazard ratio.

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  Figure 3.. 5-year all-cause mortality and mortality or stroke by discharge mean gradient (MG) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Results are stratified by echocardiographic MG ≥10 mm Hg and <10 mm Hg and LVEF at discharge from transcatheter aortic valve-in-valve replacement. A, Patients with lower MG and LVEF at discharge had a significantly higher risk of mortality. B, Patients with lower MG and LVEF at discharge had a significantly higher risk of mortality or stroke (4B) at 5 years. HR indicates hazard ratio.

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  Figure 4.. 5-year mortality or stroke by discharge mean gradient (MG) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). A, Kaplan-Meier survival probabilities for all-cause mortality or stroke stratified by an echocardiographic MG of ≥20 mm Hg and < 20 mm Hg at discharge following aortic valve-in-valve replacement. No significant differences between risk of mortality and mortality or stroke were seen between patients with MG ≥20 mm Hg and MG <20 mm Hg. B, Mortality risk by LVEF ≥50% or <50% at the same MG thresholds. LVEF cohorts saw no significant differences in survival. HR indicates hazard ratio.

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  Figure 5.. 5-year all-cause mortality and mortality or stroke stratified by patient prosthesis mismatch (PPM). A and B compare Kaplan-Meier risks for death for patients with severe PPM and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <50% or ≥50%. Patients with severe PPM and LVEF below 50% had a higher risk of death and death or stroke than patients with severe PPM and LVEF ≥50%. B, Compares Kaplan-Meier risks for death or stroke for patients with severe PPM and LVEF <50% or ≥50%. HR indicates hazard ratio.