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February 11, 2026Open Access

An Action Research Study on the Adoption and Maintenance of Handwashing Infrastructure in Freetown's Public Schools Following a Nudge-Based Intervention

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Authors

SMSamuel B. MacauleyIMIsha MarahKBKadiatu Bangura

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Overview

Action research identifies factors affecting the sustainability of handwashing in public schools, suggesting integration of maintenance systems.

Key Points

  • This research aimed to understand how to maintain and promote the use of handwashing stations in public schools in Freetown.
  • Participatory action research approach across multiple cycles
  • Use of focus group discussions with pupils and staff
  • Observational checklists and field notes from planning sessions
  • Implementation of environmental nudges alongside infrastructure
  • Initial high usage of handwashing stations significantly declined over time
  • Observational data revealed a drop in the number of functional stations
  • Key maintenance challenges included water provision and lack of accountability for repairs
  • Successful trial of pupil 'water monitor' roles to enhance maintenance

Cite This Study

Macauley et al. (2010) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/698c1c65267fb587c655ec6chttps://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18529504
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1A Review of Nudges and Infrastructure for Sustaining Handwashing Stations in Freetown's Public Schools: An African Perspective2010
  2. 2Assessing the Impact of Group Handwashing Stations on Pupil Hygiene Behaviour in Monrovia's Primary Schools: A Pre- and Post-Installation Survey2003
  3. 3Evaluating the Impact of Group Handwashing Stations on Pupil Hygiene Behaviour in Monrovia's Primary Schools: A Systematic Review, 20032003
  4. 4Evaluating the outcomes of a school-based intervention on water, sanitation, and hygiene practices in urban slums of Nigeria: a qualitative evaluation based on implementation research outcome frameworks2026
  5. 5School-Based Hand Washing Stations and Pupil Hygiene Practices in Urban South Africa: A Two-Month Intervention Study2006