Abstract Background Obesity appeared as one of the most urgent public health issues globally. It markedly upraises the likelihood of disease and early mortality, contributing to various chronic ailments including diabetes (DM), cardiovascular disorders (CVD) and some specific types of cancer. Obesity onset of is not attributable to a one cause. it is a multifaceted interaction among genetic predispositions, environmental factors and lifestyle adoptions. Between these elements, dietary habits stand out as one of the most important influences, determining how the body manages and expends energy. Unhealthy food patterns, coupled inactive lifestyles can progressively disturb metabolic equilibrium. Then result in excessive fat accumulation and enduring health challenges. Objective This research examines the interplay between genetic factors associated with obesity and nutrient consumption, as well as the implications of these interactions for the regulation of body weight. Additionally, it delves into how these gene-nutrient connections play a role in the onset of obesity and elevate the likelihood of metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Methods A comprehensive literature review was performed, focused on research published in the last twenty years. This review investigated significant genetic variants associated with obesity including FTO , MC4R and LEPR . The interactions with various dietary components. Particular emphasis was placed on how certain nutrients can affect gene expression and modify obesity risk. Also, the review observed how metabolic disorders like type 2 diabetes and osteoporosis might influence these gene-diet interactions. Furthermore, it evaluated the role of epigenetic modifications especially those influenced with long-term dietary patterns to the development of obesity and related metabolic issues. Conclusions This research highlights the complex interplay between genetic components, diet and onset of obesity. It highlights the importance of modified nutrition as a feasible approach for the management and prevention of obesity. Grasping both genetic tendency and environmental factors is essential for developing effective, tailored interventions. These inclusive strategies can improve treatment results, encourage healthier habits and enhance long-term health across various populations.
Dina et al. (Tue,) studied this question.