Magnetically responsive PVA/Fe ₃ O ₄ nanofibers: Fabrication and characterization for potential applications in stimuli-responsive systems

Stimuli-responsive nanocomposite systems have emerged as promising platforms for the development of externally actuated devices in both biomedical and environmental applications. In this study, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/magnetite nanoparticle (MNP) nanocomposite fibers were successfully fabricated via electrospinning. Magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized electrochemically at room temperature using a non-toxic electrolyte, thereby supporting an environmentally sustainable approach. Structural and magnetic characterization confirmed the formation of the magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) phase, with particle sizes predominantly in the 12–20 nm range and a saturation magnetization value of 79.3 emu/g. The incorporation of MNPs into the PVA matrix yielded uniform fibers with a 27% increase in average diameter, as confirmed by SEM–EDX. FTIR analyses demonstrated that the polymer’s chemical structure remained unchanged and nanoparticle oxidation was minimal, preserving magnetic functionality. The PVA/MNP nanocomposites were evaluated in a diffusion cell containing an acetaminophen solution for 3.5 h, using a permanent magnet with a field strength of 0.5 T (Tesla) as a remote-control stimulus, resulting in a control of diffused 35 %. The nanocomposites exhibited magnetically triggered drug release behavior, indicating their potential for application in controlled release systems with external control of formulation. These findings establish PVA/MNP nanocomposites as viable candidates for magnetically stimuli-responsive systems.